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8,452 articles mezi dny 1.10.2010 a 31.10.2010
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SUNDAY 31. OCTOBER, 2010
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05:00
Immune system's bare essentials used to speedily detect drug targets
Scientists at Johns Hopkins have taken a less-is-more approach to designing effective drug treatments that are precisely tailored to disease-causing pathogens, such as viruses and bacteria, and cancer cells, any of which can trigger the body's immune system defenses. -
05:00
Immune system's bare essentials used to speedily detect drug targets
Scientists have taken a less-is-more approach to designing effective drug treatments that are precisely tailored to disease-causing pathogens, such as viruses and bacteria, and cancer cells, any of which can trigger the body's immune system defenses.
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05:00Planetary scientists led by Brown University have found a volcanic deposit on Mars that would have been a promising wellspring for life. The silica deposit clearly shows the presence of water and heat. It was formed at a time when Mars' climate turned dry and chilly, which could mark it as one of the most recent habitable microenvironments on the red planet. The finding is published in Nature Geoscience.
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05:00Planetary scientists have found a volcanic deposit on Mars that would have been a promising wellspring for life. The silica deposit clearly shows the presence of water and heat. It was formed at a time when Mars' climate turned dry and chilly, which could mark it as one of the most recent habitable microenvironments on the red planet.
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05:00A scientists shines a blue light on yeast and mammalian cells in her lab and the edges of them start to glow. The effect is the result of a light-activated switch from a plant that has been inserted into the cell. Researchers could use this novel "on-off switch" to control cell growth or death, grow new tissue or deliver doses of medication directly to diseased cells.
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05:00Chandra Tucker shines a blue light on yeast and mammalian cells in her Duke University lab and the edges of them start to glow. The effect is the result of a light-activated switch from a plant that has been inserted into the cell. Researchers could use this novel "on-off switch" to control cell growth or death, grow new tissue or deliver doses of medication directly to diseased cells, said Tucker, an assistant research professor in the biology department at Duke.
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05:00As oceans grow saltier, hotter, more acidic and less diverse biologically, world governments urgently need to help complete a full global ocean observing system, the value of which to society would dwarf the investment required, according to scientists with the Partnership for Observation of Global Oceans, a consortium of 38 major oceanographic institutions spanning 21 countries.
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05:00As oceans grow saltier, hotter, more acidic and less diverse biologically, world governments urgently need to help complete a full global ocean observing system, the value of which to society would dwarf the investment required, according to scientists.
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04:46
Stephen Fry feeds baby white rhino
Stephen Fry is suprised to find a baby white rhinoceros needs feeding six pints of milk, five times a day. -
04:20
IPad Opens World to a Disabled Boy
The iPad is a boon to a Brooklyn boy with a debilitating motor-neuron disease, helping him to learn and communicate.
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03:22Researchers have found a way to optimize the development of DNA self-assembling materials, which hold promise for technologies ranging from drug delivery to molecular sensors. The key to the advance is the discovery of the "Goldilocks" length for DNA strands used in self-assembly -- not too long, not too short, but just right.
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03:22Researchers have solved a quest in fundamental material science that has eluded scientists since the 1960s, and could form the basis of a new approach to electronics. The discovery outlines the creation for the first time of a high-performance "metal-insulator-metal" diode.
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03:22Women with dense breasts and no lobular involution were at a higher risk for developing breast cancer than those with non-dense breasts and complete involution, according to a new study.
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03:22Researchers have identified the world's largest marine virus -- an unusually complex "mimi-like virus" that infects an ecologically important and widespread planktonic predator.
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03:22The H1N1 influenza pandemic has led to a sharp increase in the number of children with a serious "secondary" bacterial infection called empyema in children, suggests a new study.
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03:22For pancreatic cancer patients unable to undergo surgery -- the only known cure for this form of cancer -- a highly targeted cancer radiation therapy may help slow cancer progression and lessen disease symptoms, according to researchers. Called stereotactic body radiotherapy, the study found it was able to delay pancreatic cancer progression locally, on average, by almost six months.
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01:16
US space shuttle programme faces its final countdown | Discover
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01:15A scientist whose most famous hypothesis — which sought to explain why there are two sexes — was named for the Red Queen in Lewis Carroll’s “Through the Looking Glass.”
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01:09
Strains that triggered January shock could unleash new disaster
Haiti is at serious risk of further devastation from earthquakes in the near future, geologists have warned. Their research, to be published in next month's issue of Nature Geoscience, indicates that not all the geological strain that triggered the original quake in January has been released as had been thought.
More than 230,000 people died in the magnitude 7.0 quake on 12 January and more than one million were left homeless. Now geologists are warning that Haiti faces the prospect of further devastation.
"The January earthquake only unloaded a fraction of the seismic energy that has built up over time in Haiti," Eric Calais, a geologist at Purdue University, Indiana, who is also a science adviser for the UN development programme in Haiti, told Nature. "Other earthquakes are therefore inevitable."
The Haiti quake – which struck at 4.53pm local time and lasted 30 seconds – occurred at the interface of the Caribbean and North American tectonic plates, which are slowly sliding past each other. Seismic strain builds up at certain points where the plates touch and this is abruptly released when they jump position. Port-au-Prince, the capital of Haiti, has twice been destroyed, in 1751 and 1770.
For the past 10 months, geologists have been investigating a geological fault system on the boundary of the two plates known as the Enriquillo-Plantain Garden. This was thought to be the centre of the quake. However, to their surprise no evidence to support this assumption has been found.
"This is pretty bizarre," said Roger Bilham, a geologist at the University of Colorado. One explanation, he suggests, is that the surface part of the fault was clamped shut by a complex series of ground slips. "If so, another strong quake could happen any time, right about the January epicentre."
The Haiti earthquake devastated Port-au-Prince. Buildings destroyed or badly damaged included the presidential palace, the National Assembly building, the cathedral and the main prison, while the list of those killed included the Archbishop of Port-au-Prince, Joseph Serge Miot, the opposition leader, Micha Gaillard, and Hédi Annabi, chief of the United Nations stabilisation mission in Haiti.
Since then, a major operation to rebuild the city with international help has been launched, as doctors warn that there is a growing risk of a cholera outbreak in refugee camps.
"What we know hasn't brought us any closer to understanding Haiti's seismic future," Bilham said. "We can only recommend rebuilding Port-au-Prince as safely as money allows."
guardian.co.uk © Guardian News & Media Limited 2010 | Use of this content is subject to our Terms & Conditions | More Feeds -
01:06
A gall-inducing wasp, discovered in California
A new species of gall-inducing wasp, Selitrichodes globulus, has been discovered in Los Angeles County, California, attacking blue gum, Eucalyptus globulus, among the most widely grown eucalypts in the world. Introduced into California in the mid-1800s, the tree has naturalised and spread widely earning the wasp a place on the state's list of exotic plant pests. The extent to which the newly named wasp might help in biological control is yet to be established. Scientists are almost certain that the wasp is an invasive species introduced from its native Australia, although it has not yet been seen there. As human commerce increases, so too do incidents of introductions of foreign species.
Quentin Wheeler is director of the International Institute for Species Exploration, Arizona State University
guardian.co.uk © Guardian News & Media Limited 2010 | Use of this content is subject to our Terms & Conditions | More Feeds -
01:05
The 60-year-old scientist reveals how gathering data could save the earth
"Oh no. Do I need to attempt a succinct explanation of geomatics?" asks Professor David Parker of the University of Newcastle. "Well, I could say something long-winded based on the way we take measurements of the earth, but essentially we do SatNav and Google Earth – professionally. So whereas most people use Google Earth to visualise a drive along their high street, professionals can use imagery from land, air and space not only to visualise our urban infrastructure but to sense vegetation, moisture and heat loss."
Until recent times geomatics was a sort of adjunct to engineering. The Channel Tunnel, for example, wouldn't have happened without it. But as satellites have progressed, the profile of the geomatician has soared. "We can now sense the uplift around an active volcano or measure the rate of melt of the ice caps," says Parker. His science is the great hope for providing the blueprint (or greenprint) to enable us to have a truly sustainable lifestyle. Parker is loath to take any personal credit – geomatics is always a team effort – but he has brought geomaticians, engineers and geoscientists together to collaborate in a new way.
Ecologists point out that everything is interconnected, yet scientists often go about their business in a compartmentalised way. Parker and his team, however, merge data to create mind-bogglingly detailed maps that allow them to profile, for example, coastal erosion, or to treat Newcastle as an urban laboratory. Over the next two years, the School of Geomatics (ceg.ncl.ac.uk) will map all the details of the city's infrastructure. "When we've done that," says Parker, "we'll know how to change to live within our means. Enough for all, for ever – that's the aspiration."
Email Lucy at lucy.siegle@observer.co.uk or visit guardian.co.uk/profile/lucysiegle for all her articles in one place
guardian.co.uk © Guardian News & Media Limited 2010 | Use of this content is subject to our Terms & Conditions | More Feeds -
01:05
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01:04
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01:04
New research finds that men's bodies are more disposable
Women live longer than men because their bodies are better at repairing themselves. In an article in November's Scientific American, Professor Tom Kirkwood of Newcastle University argues that women have to be better at fixing the wear and tear on their cells in order to have healthy offspring.
In interviews last week, Kirkwood said that it made biological sense for men to be more disposable and therefore die younger. The body is disposable, argues Kirkwood, because the genes are passed to the next generation.
"This theory is widely accepted now," Kirkwood says. "Ageing is not driven by a clock."
Ageing is regulated by genes that specify the levels of maintenance that repair the damage to cells. Much of this damage is inevitable and caused by free radicals, a byproduct of the chemical reactions in cells that produce energy. This damage may injure the cells' DNA or their membrane, which need to be repaired. Some of the damage is caused by external factors, such as smoking. But in Kirkwood's theory, ageing is not pre-programmed because the genes that repair cells can be modified.
The gap between men's and women's life expectancy has actually been closing in this country and is now 4.2 years (a narrowing from six years over the past 27 years). A boy born today lives to an average 77.7 years, compared with a girl, who would be expected to reach 81.9. The differential is thought to be due to higher rates of heart disease and risk-taking in men; oestrogens have protected women from heart disease.
But this would still fit with Kirkwood's theory because these factors could influence how the maintenance genes are expressed. "It's important to understand what influences longevity – how much is societal and could it disappear?" says Kirkwood, who believes biology dictates it can never disappear. "This theory matters when we are discussing things such as when women should start their pensions. For a long time, we've had a paternalistic attitude that women are the weaker sex."
guardian.co.uk © Guardian News & Media Limited 2010 | Use of this content is subject to our Terms & Conditions | More Feeds -
SATURDAY 30. OCTOBER, 2010
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22:44
Hurricane Tomas targets Caribbean (AFP)
AFP - Hurricane Tomas formed Saturday over the eastern Caribbean, taking a swipe at the Lesser Antilles islands after damaging Barbados, and was expected to strengthen into a major hurricane next week.
Naposledy aktualizované zdroje
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PhysOrg (dnes, 01:25)
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ScienceNOW (dnes, 01:12)
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National Geographic News (dnes, 00:48)
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Sci-Tech Today (24. 5, 23:45)
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CBC - Technology & Science News (24. 5, 22:49)
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Discovery (24. 5, 22:06)
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TIME (23. 5, 08:40)
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NASA (18. 5, 07:24)
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Technology Review Feed - Tech Review Top Stories (16. 1, 22:07)
