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69 articles from SUNDAY 8.1.2012
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SUNDAY 8. JANUARY, 2012
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06:00
Evolution of complexity recreated using 'molecular time travel'
In a study in Nature, a team of scientists demonstrate how just a few small, high-probability mutations increased the complexity of a molecular machine more than 800 million years ago. By biochemically resurrecting ancient genes and testing their functions in modern organisms, the researchers showed that a new component was incorporated into the machine due to selective losses of function rather than the sudden appearance of new capabilities. -
06:00A molecule identified by researchers at Baylor College of Medicine may reduce the threat of heat-induced death in people with a genetic sensitivity to the ill effects of high temperatures.
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06:00Unprecedented levels of greenhouse gases in the Earth's atmosphere are disrupting normal patterns of glaciation, according to a study co-authored by a University of Florida researcher and published online Jan. 8 in Nature Geoscience.
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06:00Can organic matter behave like a fridge magnet? Scientists from the University of Manchester have now shown that it can.
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06:00A new form of graphene created by researchers at The University of Texas at Austin could prevent laptops and other electronics from overheating, ultimately, overcoming one of the largest hurdles to building smaller and more powerful electronic devices.
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06:00A team of scientists, led by researchers at the University of California, San Diego School of Medicine and Zacharon Pharmaceuticals, have developed a simple, reliable test for identifying biomarkers for mucopolysaccharidoses, a group of inherited metabolic disorders that are currently diagnosed in patients only after symptoms have become serious and the damage possibly irreversible.
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06:00A new study by NYU Langone Medical Center researchers identified a new culprit that leads to atherosclerosis, the accumulation of fat and cholesterol that hardens into plaque and narrows arteries. The research explains why cholesterol-laden, coronary artery disease-causing cells called macrophages, accumulate in artery plaques.
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06:00In an article released online today in the journal Nature Chemistry, Chaput and his group describe the Darwinian evolution of functional TNA molecules from a large pool of random sequences. This is the first case where such methods have been applied to molecules other than DNA and RNA, or very close structural analogues thereof. Chaput says "the most important finding to come from this work is that TNA can fold into complex shapes that can bind to a desired target with high affinity and specificity."
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06:00Those making land use decisions to reduce the harmful effects of climate change have focused almost exclusively on greenhouse gases -- analyzing, for example, how much carbon dioxide is released when a forest is cleared to grow crops. A new study in Nature Climate Change aims to present a more complete picture -- to incorporate other characteristics of ecosystems that also influence climate.
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05:48
Grounded cargo ship breaks apart on NZ reef (AP)
AP - A cargo ship grounded off the New Zealand coast since October has split in two, spilling sea containers and debris and sparking fears of a fresh oil spill, maritime officials said Sunday.
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02:54AP - The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency abruptly changed its mind Saturday about delivering fresh water to residents of a northeastern Pennsylvania village where residential wells were found to be tainted by a natural gas drilling operation.
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01:56
The strange places fish live
A Great Barrier Reef pearlfish is filmed by the BBC living inside a sea cucumber's bottom. Where are some of the other strange places that fish live? -
01:38How Prof Stephen Hawking defied doctors for nearly 50 years
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01:06
Hopes rise for new cancer treatment after tests with electromagnetism
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01:05
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01:05
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01:05Reuters - It's official: 2011 was the driest year on record in Texas, according to the National Weather Service. It was also the second-hottest ever.
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01:04
Six new species of gilled mushrooms that glow in the dark have been discovered in the endangered Atlantic Forest in Brazil
The genus Mycena includes about 500 known species of gilled mushrooms. Six new species – all of which emit light – were found in old-growth forest in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, by scientists from San Francisco State University and the Instituto de Botânica and Instituto de Química in São Paulo, bringing the number of bioluminescent species to more than 30. All six were discovered in Atlantic Forest, one of the most threatened ecosystems on Earth, with less than 10% of its original land cover remaining. The forests continue to prove a gold mine for new species of plants, animals and fungi.
The authors believe the numbers of bioluminescent species of Mycena have been grossly underestimated: most have only been observed by day and nearly all luminescence in fungi has been detected only by the human eye, whereas scientists studying other organisms have used photometers to detect low levels of light production. Molecular phylogenetic studies, which look at evolutionary relationships, show that luminescence crops up in many sub-branches of the genus. The light production of white rot mycelia, for example, may be a biochemical byproduct or adaptation that affords antioxidant protection to the fungus as it degrades lignin in wood.
Mycologists have also speculated that luminescence might either attract fungivores that assist in spore dispersal or warn them off.
This discovery gives us more questions than answers, from the reasons for bioluminescence to the species diversity of the Atlantic Forest. Beyond science, these amazing mushrooms add to the wondrous beauty of the night.
Quentin Wheeler is director of the International Institute for Species Exploration, Arizona State University
guardian.co.uk © 2012 Guardian News and Media Limited or its affiliated companies. All rights reserved. | Use of this content is subject to our Terms & Conditions | More Feeds
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01:03
Our fascination with a great performer really can grow with each creative risk they take
According to the old, consoling fib, a face becomes more interesting and truly beautiful to behold with every wrinkle gifted by the passing years. For actors in particular, working in a trade where a youthful appearance is a bankable asset, it is the kind of cosy cant that prompts a bitter snort. But perhaps the tide is beginning to turn. Director Michael Mann's decision to cast Dustin Hoffman alongside Nick Nolte and Michael Gambon, three actors now in their 70s, in his new American television series, Luck, certainly gives some support to the argument. Set on the racetrack, it charts the lives of a series of gamblers who have earned their rugged looks with a lifetime spent studying the form and watching their dreams fall short in the final furlong.
With Judi Dench, John Hurt, Catherine Deneuve, Vanessa Redgrave and Jane Fonda all still pleasing crowds pretty regularly on stage and screen, the veteran stars of Luck are not alone in the field. It seems our fascination with a great performer really can grow with each creative risk they take. The wrinkles are just the price they pay to keep in the race.
guardian.co.uk © 2012 Guardian News and Media Limited or its affiliated companies. All rights reserved. | Use of this content is subject to our Terms & Conditions | More Feeds
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