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14,067 articles from Guardian Unlimited Science
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MONDAY 14. NOVEMBER, 2011
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21:00
Gene that raises suicide risk identified
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20:59
Will a new super-slippery liquid revolutionise everything from condiments to fuel?
'Let nature be your teacher," wrote William Wordsworth. "She has a world of ready wealth." Joanna Aizenberg, a Harvard professor who specialises in "biomimetics", has taken this to heart and the results are exciting. Well, certainly if getting tomato ketchup out of the bottle is a bugbear of yours.
After studying how the lining of the carnivorous pitcher plant snares insects by becoming super-slippery when wet – it "locks in" a thin water layer with its sponge-like surface and causes a hydroplaning effect – Aizenberg and her fellow researchers have created a material called "Slips" (slippery liquid-infused porous surfaces). It repels almost any type of liquid, including blood and oil, and "self-heals" if scratched. Potential applications are many, including self-cleaning windows and fuel transportation, but the research team decided to first test how it repelled sauces and jam. Now Aizenberg says she can envisage fresh complications: "The problem with using it to coat sauce bottles may be that the sauce comes out a little too easily on to people's food."
guardian.co.uk © 2011 Guardian News and Media Limited or its affiliated companies. All rights reserved. | Use of this content is subject to our Terms & Conditions | More Feeds
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20:31
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18:30
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17:49
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17:30
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17:30
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16:11
The Nyamuragira volcano, in the Democratic Republic of Congo's Virunga national park, is producing lava fountains reaching up to 400 metres
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16:06
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15:43
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15:35
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13:14
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13:06
Three astronauts blasted off to return a full crew to the International Space Station
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11:01
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08:50
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06:15
Relief as take-off of capsule carrying American and two Russians follows loss of Progress cargo ship and Mars probe
A Russian Soyuz capsule carrying an American and two Russians has blasted off successfully from Kazakhstan on a mission to the International Space Station.
It is the first flight of a Nasa astronaut in the post-space shuttle areas and is a welcome success for the Russian space programme. Last week a Russian Mars probe failed to leave Earth's orbit – it is expected to burn up in the atmosphere by 26 November unless it can be reactivated. In August an unmanned Progress cargo ship bound for the space station crashed – the rocket that failed was the same kind used by the Soyuz.
The Soyuz TMA-22 lifted off as scheduled at 8.14am local time (4.14am GMT) on Monday from the Russian-leased Baikonur cosmodrome in Kazakhstan. It is carrying Nasa astronaut Dan Burbank and Russians Anton Shkaplerov and Anatoly Ivanishin, and is due to dock at the station Wednesday.
The launch had been postponed for two months due to the Progress failure causing concerns about crew safety.
Monday's launch followed a rigorous inspection of all Soyuz rockets and a successful launch of a Progress ship last month. Technicians found that the earlier Soyuz probably failed due to contamination in fuel lines.
Analysts have said that despite Russia remaining the only nation capable of regular manned space launches, the country's programme is struggling, reliant on obsolete technology propped up by equipment bought from other countries. The Phobos-Grunt probe that failed on 8 November shortly after launch would have been its first mission beyond Earth's orbit in more than 20 years.
guardian.co.uk © 2011 Guardian News and Media Limited or its affiliated companies. All rights reserved. | Use of this content is subject to our Terms & Conditions | More Feeds
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01:05
On this week's show Alok Jha meets science writer Bryan Appleyard to discuss his new book The Brain is Wider than the Sky: Why Simple Solutions Don't Work in a Complex World. It's "part memoir and part reportage" on what he sees as our tendency to oversimplify the complexity of the human experience – particularly in the field of neuroscience – and misunderstand the limits of science.
With science writing to the fore, we hear from writer Richard Holmes in his role as chair of the judges for this year's Royal Society Winton Prize for Science Books, which is due to be announced on Thursday. Richard has a unique perspective on the relative merits of the six shortlisted books, having won the prize in 2009 for The Age of Wonder.
Guardian Science is reviewing all six shortlisted books, and we're offering two complete sets as prizes in our competition. The deadline for entries is 23:59 on Thursday.
Finally we have the concluding instalment of Cosmological Connections, a wickedly insightful lecture given at The School of Life in London by theoretical physicist Professor Lawrence Krauss..
Subscribe for free via iTunes to ensure every episode gets delivered. (Here is the non-iTunes URL feed).
Follow the podcast on our Science Weekly Twitter feed and receive updates on all breaking science news stories from Guardian Science.
Email scienceweeklypodcast@gmail.com.
Guardian Science is now on Facebook. You can also join our Science Weekly Facebook group.
We're always here when you need us. Listen back through our archive.
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SUNDAY 13. NOVEMBER, 2011
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23:30
When we think of our galaxy, the Milky Way, we imagine a flattened disc of stars, gas and dust, with spiral arms and a central bulge. Sometimes overlooked, and still something of a puzzle, are its attendant globular star clusters, many of which climb high above the plane of the galaxy as they orbit its centre. Most congregate in the part of the sky that lies towards the galactic centre, 27,000 light years away in Scorpius.
Often called simply globulars, they hold hundreds of thousands of stars, sometimes a million or more, in a near-spherical form, with the stars packed closer together as we approach the core. They range from a few tens to perhaps 200 light years across and some may contain a central black hole. Typically, the stars within globulars are ancient, born in the early Universe when elements heavier than hydrogen and helium were scarce. Such old stars also predominate in the central regions of many galaxies.
The puzzle concerns the origins of globulars. Were they always associated with the Milky Way, perhaps as a by-product of its formation 13 billion years ago? Or are they the core regions of small galaxies that were captured subsequently and have seen their gas and dust stripped away during repeated passages through the galactic plane?
Our Milky Way "owns" 160 known globulars, of which the two brightest are naked-eye objects in the southern hemisphere. The two most recent additions have been found by a survey using the British-built VISTA telescope at the European Southern Observatory's Paranal Observatory in Chile. Working at infrared wavelengths, VISTA can peer though and beyond the gas and dust that obstructs our optical view towards the galactic centre.
The prominent globular in the right side of our image from VISTA is UKS 1, while one of the new globulars, VVV CL001, is the small knot above and right of the bright star towards the left. To appreciate VISTA's power, it is interesting to note that UKS 1, itself discovered by a British telescope, was previously the Milky Way's faintest known globular.
guardian.co.uk © 2011 Guardian News and Media Limited or its affiliated companies. All rights reserved. | Use of this content is subject to our Terms & Conditions | More Feeds
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20:54
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18:35
Traverse, Edinburgh
You see a pinprick of light. It could be the beam of an optician testing your peripheral vision. Or it could be the twinkle of Andromeda, a mere 2.5m light years away and the nearest spiral galaxy to our own. This is the shift in perspective, from closeup to long shot, that Sound and Fury plays with in Going Dark, a show that transports us from the unfathomable depths of outer space to the encroaching darkness of a man losing his sight to retinitis pigmentosa.
The great strength in this immersive one-man play – by the team behind the submarine drama of Kursk – is in its technical precision. We are sitting in a miniature planetarium, the arc of the Milky Way above our heads and a low-level soundtrack of the natural world breezing in from all sides. There is almost no colour in the picture created by directors Mark Espiner and Dan Jones, and frequently there is no light. It has the effect of intensifying our senses of sight and sound, as we strain to appreciate every glimmer and whisper.
Actor John Mackay gives a finely judged performance as a single parent and planetarium guide losing sight of his six-year-old son at home and of the entire universe at work. To keep his bearings, he grips the sides of a light box from which projections and images magically emerge. A crumpled piece of paper in his hand starts to glow like a miniature sun. A photograph in a dark room develops before our eyes.
Hattie Naylor's script is full of the head-spinning facts that make astronomy both frightening and fascinating, but the play lacks the kind of metaphorical dimension of, say, Robert Lepage's Far Side of the Moon, that would give a sad but routine story the cosmic dimensions to which it aspires.
Rating: 3/5
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