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69,540 articles from EurekAlert

• TUESDAY 8. SEPTEMBER, 2009
• 06:00 Composted dairy manure in foliage plant production

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  Peat has been used in container plant production since the 1960s. Highly porous and able to hold water, peat makes an ideal rooting and growing medium. But harvesting peat (and draining valuable peatlands in the process) releases carbon stored in peat into the atmosphere as carbon dioxide. Researchers have worked for years to find alternative organic materials that can be used as partial or complete substitutes for peat and are now testing composted dairy manure.  

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• 06:00 Contraband cigarettes account for 17 percent of all brands consumed by adolescent smokers

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  Consumption of contraband cigarettes among adolescent daily smokers in Canada accounts for 17 percent of all cigarettes smoked by this age group, and rises to more than 25 percent in Ontario and Quebec. This behavior may be undermining tobacco-prevention strategies, as they focus on taxation and minimum age restrictions to curb and prevent smoking, states an articlein CMAJ.  

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• 06:00 Deficits in brain's reward system observed in ADHD patients

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  A brain-imaging study conducted at the U.S. Department of Energy's Brookhaven National Laboratory provides the first definitive evidence that patients suffering from attention deficit hyperactivity disorder have lower-than-normal levels of certain proteins essential for experiencing reward and motivation.  

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• 06:00 Disease-causing Escherichia coli: 'I will survive'

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  Strains of Escherichia coli bacteria that cause food poisoning have been shown to have marked differences in the numbers of genes they carry compared to laboratory strains of E. coli. Some of these genes may enable them to survive stresses such as those caused by modern food processing techniques or exploit food sources that laboratory E. coli strains cannot use.  

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• 06:00 Electrical circuit runs entirely off power in trees

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  For the first time researchers have run an electrical circuit entirely off power in trees. The findings suggest a new power source for wireless sensors -- and a way to monitor tree health.  

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• 06:00 Engineered human fusion protein inhibits HIV-1 replication

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  Fusion protein AoT5Cyp blocks HIV-1 infection in owl monkeys. The human genome encodes the equivalent of the 2 components of AoT5Cyp (TRIM5 and cyclophilin A), but humans unfortunately do not make the fusion protein. Researchers have now fused human cyclophilin A and TRIM5 and this protein inhibited HIV-1 replication in human macrophages, T cells and mice engrafted with human CD4+ T cells containing the protein. This protein may be an anti-HIV-1 gene therapy candidate.  

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• 06:00 Enzyme inhibitor takes an unexpected approach toward blocking cancer-promoting protein

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  Scientists at Fox Chase Cancer Center have discovered a unique method of attack that may be used to inhibit signaling enzymes called kinases, which often have a role in sustaining drug-resistant cancerous cells. They have confirmed that IPA-3, a small molecular inhibitor of a kinase called PAK1, targets the enzyme's regulatory domain, mimicking how enzymes are naturally regulated within cells.  

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• 06:00 Even in a safety net health system, colorectal cancer screening disparities remain

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  Colorectal cancer screening rates are much lower among those in a safety net health system compared to the national average, and the number one predictor of screening is a combination of regular visits and insurance access.  

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• 06:00 Even singers in the bird world have to deal with cover artists

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  Research, published today in Evolution, reveals how some bird species have evolved to sing the same tune as their rivals in order to compete effectively.  

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• 06:00 Face processing slows with age

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  Identifying a face can be difficult when that face is shown for only a fraction of a second. However, young adults have a marked advantage over elderly people in these conditions. Researchers writing in the open-access journal BMC Neuroscience found indications that elderly people have reduced perception speed.  

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• 06:00 Flips, flops and cartwheels

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  Researchers from University of Calgary and Clemson University have analyzed the complex movement patterns of geckos' tails after they separate from the body in a paper they co-authored published in the journal Biology Letters.  

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• 06:00 Gene variant heightens risk of severe liver disease in cystic fibrosis

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  A UNC study, which appears in the Sept. 9 issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association, could lead to earlier detection and diagnosis of cystic fibrosis liver disease and better treatment options for the patients affected by the disease.  

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• 06:00 Healthy older brains not significantly smaller than younger brains, new imaging study shows

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  The belief that healthy older brains are substantially smaller than younger brains may stem from studies that did not screen out people whose undetected, slowly developing brain disease was killing off cells in key areas, according to new research. As a result, previous findings may have overestimated atrophy and underestimated normal size for the older brain.  

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• 06:00 High fruit and vegetable intake positively correlated with antioxidant status, cognitive performance

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  Researchers at the Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I of the Heinrich-Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany, investigated the relationship between fruit and vegetable intake, plasma antioxidant micronutrient status and cognitive performance in healthy subjects aged 45 to 102 years. Their results, published in the August issue of the Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, indicated higher cognitive performance in individuals with high daily intake of fruits and vegetables.  

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• 06:00 Houseplants cut indoor ozone

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  Ozone, the main component of air pollution, or smog is most often associated with outdoor air but it also infiltrates indoor environments like homes and offices and with people in industrialized countries spending as much of 80 percent to 90 percent of their time indoors, eliminating ozone is a health priority. University researchers studied the effects of three common houseplants on reducing ozone concentrations in a simulated indoor environment and fund positive results.  

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• 06:00 How accurate are hospital report cards?

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  A key statistic that consumer groups and the media often use when compiling hospital report cards and national rankings can be misleading, researchers report in a new study.  

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• 06:00 How do doctors really feel about surrogate decision making?

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  A study published in the September 2009 issue of the Journal of General Internal Medicine found that one in five doctors are not comfortable working with a surrogate decision maker. The doctors surveyed reported ineffective communication, lack of satisfaction with the outcome of the decision, and an increase in stress level as a result of the surrogate decision making process.  

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• 06:00 Infertility and the battle of the sexes

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  Dr. Oren Hasson of Tel Aviv University's Department of Zoology says in a recent issue of Biological Reviews that high rates of human infertility may have an evolutionary cause.  

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• 06:00 JCI online early table of contents: Sept. 8, 2009

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  This release contains summaries, links to PDFs, and contact information for the following newsworthy papers to be published online, Sept. 8, 2009, in the JCI, including: Engineered human fusion protein protects against HIV-1 infection; TNF-alpha promotes ovarian tumors with a little help from friends TNFR1 and IL-17; Cdc42 restrains hypertrophy in the heart; and Kinase CAMKII links multiple mechanisms of stress-induced cell death.  

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• 06:00 JDRF-funded studies show regular CGM use increases diabetes control for all age groups

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  The latest data from groundbreaking human clinical trials of the effectiveness of continuous glucose monitors show that the primary determinant of improvements in achieving better diabetes control is regular use of monitors -- six days per week or more -- rather than the age of patients, and that benefits continue well past the time when people with type 1 diabetes begin using the devices -- including experiencing fewer low blood sugar emergencies.  

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• 06:00 K-12 education should include engineering

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  The introduction of K-12 engineering education has the potential to improve student learning and achievement in science and mathematics, increase awareness about what engineers do and of engineering as a potential career and boost students' technological literacy, according to a new report from the National Academy of Engineering and the National Research Council.  

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• 06:00 Lapatinib shows minimal effect against liver cancer

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  Use of the molecularly targeted agent lapatinib to delay tumor growth and improve the survival of patients with inoperable hepatocellular carcinoma, or liver cancer, only benefited certain subgroups of patients. While results of this study were largely negative, patients that exhibited toxicity from the drug in the form of a skin rash appeared to have a greater tumor response and longer survival.  

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• 06:00 Link found between depression, early stages of chronic kidney disease

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  One in five patients with chronic kidney disease is depressed, even before beginning long-term dialysis therapy or developing end-stage renal disease, UT Southwestern Medical Center researchers have found.  

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• 06:00 Making connections the key to overcoming shame

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  It would be difficult to find someone who has never felt shame in their life. But how does one overcome a prolonged feeling of being trapped in shame? University of Alberta researcher Jessica Van Vliet's study, published in the British Psychological Society journal, Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice, indicates that, while it may seem difficult when one is stuck in shame, there is hope for moving beyond this painful emotion.  

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• 06:00 Mayo Clinic researchers find lung cancer oncogene holds key to turning off cancer stem cells

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  Scientists at the Mayo Clinic campus in Florida have found that the lung cancer oncogene PKCiota is necessary for the proliferation of lung cancer stem cells. These stem cells are rare and powerful master cells that manufacture the other cells that make up lung tumors and are resistant to chemotherapy treatment.  

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