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69,540 articles from EurekAlert

• WEDNESDAY 29. DECEMBER, 2010
• 06:00 Protein involved in cystic fibrosis also plays role in emphysema, chronic lung disease

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  A team of Johns Hopkins Children's Center researchers has discovered that a protein involved in cystic fibrosis also regulates inflammation and cell death in emphysema and may be responsible for other chronic lung diseases. The findings, published online in the December issue of the Journal of Immunology, pave the way toward new treatments to prevent lung damage caused by infections or cigarette smoke in emphysema.  

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• 06:00 Researchers discover potential solutions to New England roadside erosion

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  Erosion is a significant problem on highway embankments in New England. Typically,"A mixture of red fescue, perennial ryegrass, and kentucky bluegrass is planted to stabilize the soil, but only the red fescue survives". Rhode Island researchers designed a study to identify alternative grass species that could help anchor slopes and prevent costly erosion. Combined results of the greenhouse and roadside trials showed little bluestem, purple lovegrass, and tall fescue to be the best choices.  

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• 06:00 Team-based approach to care shows success in fight against depression with diabetes, heart disease

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  In a randomized controlled trial, testing a primary care intervention called TEAMcare, nurses worked with patients and health teams to manage care for depression and physical disease together, using evidence-based guidelines. The result for patients: less depression, and better control of blood sugar, blood pressure and cholesterol and improved quality of life.  

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• 06:00 Trace amounts of microbe-killing molecules predict chronic granulomatous disease survival

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  Investigators at the National Institutes of Health have observed that the survival rate of people with a rare immunodeficiency disease called chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is greatly improved when even very low levels of microbe-killing molecules are present. Because production of these molecules, made by an enzyme called NADPH oxidase, can be predicted from genetic analysis, a patient's risk for severe CGD could be assessed very early in life, allowing for more personalized treatment, say the researchers.  

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• 06:00 Turfgrass fertility, pesticide programs compared

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  Traditional turfgrass management programs rely heavily on the use of synthetic pesticides and fertilizers. In response to increased public scrutiny and legislation, organic and biological alternatives are becoming more accepted, but research indicates that these alternatives have not been widely adopted by homeowners or the lawn care industry. Results of a new study that compared common but disparate turfgrass management approaches showed that all programs significantly improved visual appearance compared with the no-input program.  

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• 06:00 UNC scientists pinpoint link between light signal and circadian rhythms

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  In a new paper published this week in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Aziz Sancar, M.D., Ph.D., the Sarah Graham Kenan Professor of Biochemistry and Biophysics in the UNC School of Medicine, and his colleagues have taken an important step in understanding the underlying molecular signals that influence a broad array of biological processes ranging from the sleep-wake cycle to cancer growth and development.  

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• 06:00 Uncovering the neurobiological basis of general anesthesia

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  A review article in the Dec. 30 New England Journal of Medicine brings together for the first time information from a range of disciplines, including neuroscience and sleep medicine, to lay the groundwork for more comprehensive investigations of processes underlying general anesthesia.  

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• TUESDAY 28. DECEMBER, 2010
• 06:00 BIOMICs Group analyzes Basque diaspora DNA

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  The BIOMICs Group, based at the Lucio Lascaray building in the Alava/Araba campus of the University of the Basque Country, is specially known for overseeing the SGIker DNA Bank, not only undertaking this task, but also feeding data into the gene research bank and making good use of it for their own lines of research.  

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• 06:00 Broken glass yields clues to climate change

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  Clues to future climate may be found in the way an ordinary drinking glass shatters.Results of a study published this week in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences find that microscopic particles of dust can break apart in patterns that are similar to the fragment patterns of broken glass and other brittle objects.  

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• 06:00 Bulb dipping controls Easter lily growth

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  Purdue University researchers reported on a study of the effects of a technique called "bulb dipping" on Easter lily. While plant growth retardants (PGRs) are commonly applied as sprays or media drenches, bulb crops can be submerged, or "dipped" in PGR solutions before planting. The experiments were designed to determine if dipping Easter lily bulbs in paclobutrazol solutions would produce a commercially acceptable product.  

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• 06:00 High nitrogen fertilizers tested on post-transplant ornamentals

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  The nutrition and fertilization needs of container-grown ornamental plants are well-documented, but there is limited research about the plants' fertilizer requirements following transplantation into landscapes. A study from scientists at the University of Florida published in HortTechnology provides growers with new guidelines for post-transplant fertilization. Fertilization with high-nitrogen fertilizer for the first 12 months, followed by 12 months of moderate nitrogen landscape palm maintenance fertilizer resulted in the best overall quality.  

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• 06:00 How does your green roof garden grow?

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  Growing plants on rooftops is an old concept that has evolved from simple sod roofing to lightweight "extensive green roofs". Researchers from The Pennsylvania State University published a study in HortTechnology that evaluated the influence of substrate type and depth on establishment of five common green roof plants. A standout performer was saxifrage pink, which had an attractive appearance and persistent flowering habit, making it an excellent choice as a green roof plant.  

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• 06:00 New research contains solutions to common pear disease

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  Diseases caused by a species of fungus called Phytophthora syringae are responsible for significant economic losses on a wide range of plants, including pear. Recent field observations by growers suggest that increased nitrogen content in nursery trees resulting from foliar sprays with urea in the autumn increases tree susceptibility to infection. New research in this area investigates the specific form of nitrogen, delivery method, or timing of nitrogen applications.  

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• 06:00 New technology improves greenhouse, plant microclimates

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  A study in HortTechnology featured a new technology that improved greenhouse climates by reducing solar heat radiation and temperatures during the hot summer season. The study, published by a team of Canadian researchers, was the first investigation into the effects of application of the liquid foam technology as a shading method. Results showed that the technology improved greenhouse and plant microclimates and decreased air temperature more than conventional shading curtains traditionally used by greenhouse growers.  

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• 06:00 Paper mulches evaluated for commercial vegetable production

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  Polyethylene mulches, used widely in commercial vegetable production have distinct disadvantages. Disposal options are limited, and plastic mulches often end up in landfills, being burned or disposed of illegally. Recycling polyethylene mulches is also a challenge; the mulches used in vegetable production are contaminated with too much dirt and debris. Timothy Coolong from the University of Kentucky published a report on paper mulches in HortTechnology that may give vegetable producers viable alternatives to polyethylene.  

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• 06:00 Protein helps parasite survive in host cells

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  Researchers at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis have learned why changes in a single gene, ROP18, contribute substantially to dangerous forms of the parasite Toxoplasma gondii. The answer has likely moved science a step closer to new ways to beat Toxoplasma and many other parasites.  

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• 06:00 Purdue, NIST working on breathalyzers for medical diagnostics

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  Researchers have overcome a fundamental obstacle in developing breath-analysis technology to rapidly diagnose patients by detecting chemical compounds called "biomarkers" in a person's respiration in real time.  

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• 06:00 Scripps Research scientists identify key interaction in hepatitis C virus

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  Scientists from the Florida campus of the Scripps Research Institute have identified a molecular interaction between a structural hepatitis C virus protein and a protein critical to viral replication. This new finding strongly suggests a novel method of inhibiting the production of the virus and a potential new therapeutic target for hepatitis C drug development.  

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• 06:00 Secrets of an ancient Tel Aviv fortress revealed

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  New archeological research from the Tel Qudadi archaeological dig near Tel Aviv suggests an ancient link between the Israeli city and the Greek island of Lesbos -- a find producing new insights into alliances and trade routes in the ancient world. "The secrets of Tel Qudadi are only beginning to be revealed," says Dr. Alexander Fantalkin of Tel Aviv University's department of archaeology.  

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• 06:00 Singapore consortium learns from nature to produce new chemical-free, anti-bacteria plastic 'skins'

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  Taking a leaf from animals like dolphins and pilot whales that are known to have anti-fouling skins, researchers from A*STAR's Industrial Consortium On Nanoimprint are using nanotechnology to create synthetic, chemical-free, anti-bacterial surfaces.  

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• 06:00 SOHO spots 2,000th comet

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  As people on Earth celebrate the holidays and prepare to ring in the New Year, an ESA/NASA spacecraft has quietly reached its own milestone: on Dec. 26, the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) discovered its 2,000th comet.  

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• 06:00 Willow cut-stem growers surveyed

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  Woody ornamental plants with colorful or unusually shaped stems, buds, flowers, or fruits represent a growing specialty niche in cut flower production markets. A research team from the University of Connecticut recently published the results of a poll of North American willow "cut stem" producers. The study was designed to identify willow growers' profiles, production acreages, and gross sales, to evaluate consistency in production practices, and to assess the prospective market value for crop expansion.  

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• MONDAY 27. DECEMBER, 2010
• 06:00 ASPB applauds passage of America COMPETES reauthorization

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  The American Society of Plant Biologists applauds Congressional reauthorization of the America COMPETES Act. ASPB president Nicholas Carpita says, "We look forward to working with Congress and the federal agencies to build upon our past successes and foster continued discovery and innovation in the classroom and in the laboratory."  

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• 06:00 Broken glass yields clues to climate change

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  A new study finds that microscopic particles of dust, emitted into the atmosphere when dirt breaks apart, follow similar fragment patterns as broken glass and other brittle objects. The research suggests there are several times more dust particles in the atmosphere than previously believed, since shattered dirt appears to produce an unexpectedly high number of large dust fragments. The finding has implications for understanding future climate change because dust plays a significant role in controlling the amount of solar energy in the atmosphere.  

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• 06:00 Comprehensive report on sudden oak death

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  Synthesizing more than 10 years of cooperative research on the exotic invasive, quarantine sudden oak death pathogen, the USDA Forest Service's Pacific Southwest Research Station recently published "Sudden Oak Death and Phytophthora ramorum: A Summary of the Literature." This 181-page comprehensive report covers a wide range of topics, including a history of sudden oak death, identification and distribution of the disease, epidemiology and modeling, management and control and economic and environmental impacts.  

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