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40,355 articles z ScienceDaily
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- ScienceDaily
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- Daily headlines about discoveries in the physical and life sciences, health and medicine, the environment, and technology, from the world's leading universities and research centers.
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- July 30, 2010 (04:22)
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- September 3, 2007 (19:52)
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- alexa, technorati, rojo
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TUESDAY 4. SEPTEMBER, 2007
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08:00
Minorities More Likely To Have Sleep Durations Associated With Increased Mortality
African-Americans and other racial minorities have sleep durations associated with increased mortality. This is consistent with the belief that unhealthy sleep patterns among minorities --- long sleep or short sleep --- may contribute to health differentials. -
08:00Children with asthma are missing out on the best drug treatment for their disease, because family doctors are ignoring prescribing guidelines, suggests new research. Around a million children in the UK have asthma, and the disease prompts up to a third of children aged between 5 and 13 to visit their doctor.
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08:00Hepatitis E virus infections can be fatal in pregnant women, but until recently doctors thought the disease was confined to China, India and developing countries. Now people are also contracting the disease in Europe according to scientists.
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11:00A study of social and economic influences on forest recovery in El Salvador highlights the importance of population movements spurred by war, land-use reforms and remittances of money by emigrants. Most analyses of forest cover in Central America have focused on loss of old-growth forests. In drawing attention to regrowth of woodland in a country that was extensively deforested during the 1970s, Hecht and Saatchi call for a renewed examination of social and economic influences on agricultural practices and their effects on forest extent. New growth forests, most often in a mosaic along with agriculture, can buffer declines in biological diversity and are extensively used by old growth species.
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11:00People who have had heart attacks are at higher risk of developing both new-onset diabetes and the pre-diabetes condition impaired fasting glucose (IFG), conclude authors of a recent article. Patients with a recent heart attack were up to four-and-a-half times more likely to develop diabetes (3.7%) compared with the general population (0.8-1.6%), and more than 15 times more likely to develop IFG (27.5% versus 1.5%).
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11:00Work time is the primary lifestyle factor with the largest reciprocal relationship to a person's sleep time --- the more hours a person works, the less sleep that he or she gets, according to a new study. Short sleepers also spent more time engaged in education, household activities and, for very short sleepers, watching TV. Except for time spent watching TV, which increased with longer sleep times, all waking activities decreased with increasing sleep time.
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11:00Arthritis of the knee may be the first sign of a type of lung cancer that is hard to treat in heavy smokers, suggests new research. The researchers reviewed the case notes of all patients with rheumatic disorders, diagnosed at one tertiary referral centre over six years.
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14:00Plant biologists have discovered that an autoimmune response, triggered by a small number of genes, can be a barrier to producing a viable offspring. This could be a newly identified step toward speciation. This finding presents a new theory in the development of new species: two plants of the same species fail to reproduce not because of infestation or infection from an outside organism, nor from problems with reproductive organs. The biologist suggested that the necrotic plant is possibly analogous to a fertilized egg that fails to implant in the uterus. Infertility in couples might be explained by analogous auto-immune genetic profile. "How many couples can't produce progeny, but when they separate and find another mate, they do?"
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14:00Rock and pop stars are more than twice as likely as the rest of the population to die an early death, and within a few years of becoming famous, reveals new research. The findings are based on more than 1050 North American and European musicians and singers who shot to fame between 1956 and 1999.
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14:00This new genome represents the first time a true diploid genome from one individual -- Dr. J. Craig Venter, has been published. From the combined data of more than 20 billion base pairs of DNA, the team was able to assemble the majority of Dr. Venter's genome. Since this genome assembly uniquely catalogues the contributions of each of the parental chromosomes, for the first time the amount of variation existing between the two could be determined. Surprisingly, a higher than expected amount of genetic variation was found to exist between the two human chromosomes. Dr. Venter commented that human variation is five to seven-fold greater than earlier estimates.
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17:00What looks like the head of a digital dandelion is a map of the Internet generated by new algorithms from computer scientists. The new maps will be useful for studying worm outbreaks and many other issues in computer science and beyond.
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17:00Pregnant women exposed to passive smoking are more likely to have sleep disturbances such as subjective insufficient sleep, difficulty in initiating sleep, short sleep duration, and snoring loudly or breathing uncomfortably, according to a new study. The results also showed that pregnant women who smoke had the same sleep disturbances, and also experienced excessive daytime sleepiness and early morning awakening.
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20:00One of the most distinctive characteristics of humans is probably one you don't think of very often -- the capacity to learn based merely on what someone tells you. Researchers are attempting to discover when when we become capable of revising our mental representations of objects or situations based solely on what someone tells us.
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20:00It's Labor Day weekend and you have packed the family into the car for the two-hour drive to grandma's house. Because of the heat, you crank the AC and keep the windows closed. The problem is you are a smoker and after just two cigarettes you will have exposed your spouse and kids to particulates at a level well above government safety standards. That's the bottom-line finding of measurements recently published by engineering researchers at Stanford University.
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20:00A year ago, as Europe reached the Moon for the first time, scientists on Earth eagerly watched SMART-1's spectacular impact. New results from the impact analysis and from the instruments still keep coming.
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20:00The earliest domesticated pigs in Europe, which many archaeologists believed to be descended from European wild boar, were actually introduced from the Middle East by Stone Age farmers, new research suggests. While archaeologists already know that agriculture began about 12,000 years ago in the central and western parts of the Middle East, spreading rapidly across Europe between 6,800 -- 4000 BC, many outstanding questions remain about the mechanisms of just how it spread. This research sheds new and important light on the actual process of the establishment of farming in Europe.
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20:00Cooked ham could soon be given a 39 day shelf life with the help of a coating of protective bacteria. When commercially cured and then meat treated with bacteria as a preservative was tasted by an untrained panel of consumers it was rated as tastier, with a better texture and overall more acceptability than the same conventionally treated ham. Chemical studies showed that the bacteria treated ham was drier and slightly more acidic than the conventionally preserved version of the meat.
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23:00Down in the green, rolling hills and farmlands of Kentucky, Darrell Taulbee can often be found mixing up a batch of his homegrown fertilizer. But Taulbee isn't looking to grow a better Big Boy or distill a smoother bourbon, he tells us. He sets his sights on something far more sinister. Darrell Taulbee putters with this stuff to make sure another Oklahoma bombing never happens again.
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23:00Fat in the stomach may cause vitamin C to promote, rather than prevent, the formation of certain cancer causing chemicals, reveals new research. Fat remains in the proximal stomach for some time after a meal and also makes up a substantial amount of the cells lining the stomach, say the authors.
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23:00A small study suggests that adults whose parents are Holocaust survivors with post-traumatic stress disorder appear to have lower average levels of the stress hormone cortisol than the adult offspring of parents without PTSD.
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23:00Exposure to smoking in movies appears to be associated with adolescents' risk of becoming established smokers who have used at least 100 cigarettes in their lifetimes, according to a new report.
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23:00IBM has announced two major scientific achievements in the field of nanotechnology that could one day lead to new kinds of devices and structures built from a few atoms or molecules. Although still far from making their way into products, these breakthroughs will enable scientists at IBM and elsewhere to continue driving the field of nanotechnology, the exploration of building structures and devices out of ultra-tiny, atomic-scale components. Such devices might be used as future computer chips, storage devices, sensors and for applications nobody has imagined yet.
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WEDNESDAY 5. SEPTEMBER, 2007
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02:00A routine check-up for a businessman three years ago revealed prostate cancer. The cancer was caught in time, but a side effect of his successful surgery was "driving him nuts." Losing urine control because of coughing, laughing, sneezing, or lifting is both frustrating and debilitating for the more than 2 million men worldwide afflicted with the condition. Many of these men are prostate-cancer survivors, having undergone surgery for the treatment of their cancer with the often unavoidable outcome of a damaged urinary sphincter.
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02:00Both sex and handedness influences on the relative size of the corpus callosum. Capuchin monkeys are playful, inquisitive primates known for their manual dexterity, complex social behavior, and cognitive abilities. New research now shows that just like humans, they display a fundamental sex difference in the organization of the brain, specifically in the corpus callosum, the region that connects the two cerebral lobes.
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02:00When it comes to recognizing faces, children with autism aren't as readily adaptable as are normal kids, according to a new article. That's despite the fact that kids with autism can identify similarities among related faces just as well as other children, the researchers found.
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02:00Children under the age of 5 who receive an annual flu shot have a greatly reduced risk of needing to see their doctor or be admitted to the hospital because of flu-related illness. Vaccinating only half US children against influenza could eliminate as many as 650,000 doctor's office visits and 2,250 hospitalizations in a year, according to the study.
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05:00Researchers armed with data from two NASA satellites have invented a way to map the fleeting changes in coastal water quality from space. Sediments entering the water as a result of coastal development or pollution can cause changes in water turbidity – a measure of the amount of particles suspended in the water. Sediments suspended from the bottom by strong winds or tides may also cause such changes. Knowing where the sediments come from is critical to managers because turbidity cuts off light to the bottom, thwarting the natural growth of plants.
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05:00The mating ritual of the honey bee is a mysterious affair, occurring at dizzying heights in zones identifiable only to a queen and the horde of drones that court her. Now a research team has identified an odorant receptor that allows male drones to find a queen in flight. The receptor, on the male antennae, can detect an available queen up to 60 meters away.
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05:00Agencies like the US Census Bureau produce a voluminous amount of data, much of which is of tremendous value to researchers. But the data also includes personal information that could be harmful were it to fall into the wrong hands. Thus, organizations that maintain such databases need to devise ways to protect individuals' privacy while preserving the value of the information to researchers, writes Carnegie Mellon University Statistics in a recent article.
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05:00Poor airway function shortly after birth should be recognised as a risk factor for airflow obstruction in young adults, and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) may need to start in fetal life. The authors conclude that individuals born with poorer lung function continue this trend up to 22 years of age, and that further research is needed into how the lungs develop in the fetus.
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05:00Eating together as a family during adolescence is associated with lasting positive effects on dietary quality in young adulthood, according to researchers. The researchers found eating family meals together during adolescence resulted in adults who ate more fruit, dark-green and orange vegetables and key nutrients, and drank less soft drinks. Frequency of family meals predicted females would eat breakfast as adults.
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05:00Nicotine in the breast milk of lactating mothers who smoke cigarettes disrupts their infants' sleep patterns, according to a new study. The findings raise new questions regarding whether nicotine exposure through breast milk affects infant development. While many women quit or cut down on smoking while pregnant, they often relapse following the birth of the baby.
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06:00Controversial Internet entrepreneur turned cultural critic Andrew Keen, who says the revolution of interactivity and user-generated content on the internet is leading to 'less culture, less reliable news and a chaos of useless information' is one contributor certain to ignite debate at the two-day conference at the University of York. Innovations such as Facebook, MySpace and YouTube -- known as the 'Web 2.0' phenomenon -- are the focus of a major gathering of Internet researchers, surfers and social commentators, aimed at encouraging social scientific interest in recent dramatic developments in cyberspace culture.
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06:00More than a third of college athletes assessed for breathing problems had test results suggesting exercise-induced asthma, even in those athletes who had no previous history of asthma, a new study shows. The findings paralleled earlier findings of a high prevalence of exercise-induced asthma among Olympic athletes. The work also underscores the need to develop more routine diagnosis and management tools in athletes to detect the potentially serious condition among athletes.
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06:00Bacteria which live symbiotically inside the blood-sucking pests called red poultry mites could be a new and effective target to prevent the spread of Salmonella and similar pathogens in chickens, turkeys and other table birds, according to scientists.
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06:00Researchers have developed microchips capable of quickly and cheaply identifying dangerous and drug resistant bacteria in clinical samples, scientists recently announced.
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06:00Probiotics, the friendly bacteria beloved of yoghurt advertisers, may be an effective substitute for growth promoting antibiotics in pigs, giving us safer pork products, according to scientists.
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06:00A light-emitting strain of bacteria and a nematode worm, which work together to prey on soil-dwelling insects, use insecticidal toxins to kill their insect hosts. Scientists are now investigating the potential role of these toxins in bacteria pathogenic to humans.
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06:00Rising carbon dioxide levels will increase river levels in the future. The findings suggest that increasing carbon dioxide will cause plants to extract less water from the soil, leaving more water to drain into rivers which will add to the river flow increases already expected due to climate change.
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06:00Consumption of sugar-sweetened drinks, not including 100 percent fruit juice, may be associated with insulin resistance, even in otherwise healthy adults, according to nutritional experts.
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06:00If you eat the right grains for breakfast, such as whole-grain barley or rye, the regulation of your blood sugar is facilitated after breakfast, lunch, and dinner. It was previously not known that certain whole-grain products have this effect all day. This is due to a combination of low GI (glycemic index) and certain type of indigestible carbohydrates that occur in certain grain products.
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06:00Researchers have discovered how the protein CodY controls toxin production of Clostridium difficile, a bacterium that has caused epidemics of severe diarrhea in hospital patients. In its search for food, C. difficile releases toxins that cause diarrhea and in rare cases death. Gaining a better understanding of how CodY prevents C. difficile from making toxins may lead to future drug development based on the properties of CodY.
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06:00Global warming may be to blame for the gradual extinction of cold-loving species, and the European land leech in particular, according to a new study. The findings show that human-induced temperature increases over a 40-year period in the Graz region of Austria may have led to the near extinction of a local land leech.
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06:00New research showing that dog-walking in bushland significantly reduces bird diversity and abundance will lend support to bans against the practice in sensitive bushland and conservation areas. Until now, arguments and debate about the ecological impacts of dog-walking have remained subjective and unresolved because experimental evidence has been lacking.
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06:00The wily dingo out competed the much larger marsupial Tasmanian tiger (thylacine) by being better built anatomically to resist the "mechanical stresses" associated with killing large prey, say Australian scientists.
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06:00In the dynamic world of the developing brain, neural stem cells give rise to neurons deep within the brain's fluid-filled ventricles. These newborn neurons then migrate along the stem cell fibers up to the neocortex, the seat of higher cognitive functions. Now, scientists have discovered a key mechanism of this migration -- one that may also play an important role in other developmental processes and diseases, including cancer.
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06:00Scientists discover how the immune system can drive the formation of new species. Plant geneticists and animal breeders alike know the problem: single individuals or entire broods will not thrive, some die early, or remain, even if they survive, the runts of the litter and thus not useful for continued breeding programs. What is annoying for the breeder, fascinates geneticists and molecular biologists. The unfit offspring are an example that genetic material cannot always be combined at will.
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06:00Scientists have now disclosed the mystery how the insulin-secreting cells maintain an appropriate number of ATP sensing ion channel proteins on their surface. This mechanism explains how the human body can keep the blood glucose concentration within the normal range and thereby avoid the development of diabetes.
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06:00For the first time, a CSIRO radio telescope has been linked to others in China and Europe in real-time, demonstrating the power of high-speed global networks and effectively creating a telescope almost as big as the Earth.
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06:00Neurons, or nerve cells, communicate with each other through contact points called synapses. When these connections are damaged, communication breaks down, causing the messages that would normally help our feet push our bike pedals or our mind locate our car keys to fall short. Scientists have now shown that a protein called neurexin is required for nerve cell connections to form and function correctly.
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